James Johnson | Johnson, James, The Influence of Civic Life, Sedentary Habits, and Intellectual Refinement on Human Health, and Human Happiness, Philadelphia, Thomas Hope, 1820. | | Definition | Objective | | | Exercise (carriage or horse exercise) as an aid in counteracting or retarding the deleterious effects of intemperance Give muscles tone and strength, which extends to the organs of digestion, circulate the blood & other juices, promote the various secretions A deficiency of exercise leads to — paleness or sallowness of the countenance, languor of mind and body, timidity, nervousness, accumulation of fat in the abdomen, dropsical swellings in the limbs, palpitations of the heart, head-aches Johnson, 36, 44, 80. | | Frequency | Type / Mode | | Daily Johnson, 41-42. | Stretch muscles by active exercise, going up and down stairs, using dumb bells, the swing, horse & carriage exercise Johnson, 81-82. | | Duration | Time of Day | Intensity | | One hour | Early in the morning, late at night, or at some period of the day Johnson, 81. | | |